大连采煤机的工作流程和操作注意事项

采煤机作为井下采煤的核心设备，其工作流程需严格遵循"准备-截割-推移-收尾"的闭环逻辑，操作中更需兼顾效率与安全，避免因违规操作引发事故。

As the core equipment for underground coal mining, the workflow of coal shearers must strictly follow the closed-loop logic of "preparation - cutting - advancing - completion", with both efficiency and safety in mind during operation to avoid accidents from violations.

工作流程可分为四步：首先是开机准备，操作员需检查设备状态——确认截齿无磨损、液压系统压力正常（通常为15-20MPa）、冷却水路畅通，同时与刮板输送机、液压支架司机联动，确保配套设备处于待机状态；第二步是截割作业，采煤机沿工作面刮板输送机轨道移动，滚筒高速旋转（转速约30-50r/min）切割煤层，截下的煤块通过滚筒螺旋叶片抛至刮板输送机，随输送机运出工作面；第三步是推移调整，当采煤机完成一个截割循环（通常推进500-800mm），液压支架需及时前移支护顶板，同时推移刮板输送机靠近煤壁，为下一轮截割预留空间；最后是停机收尾，完成当班采煤任务后，需将采煤机移至工作面端头安全位置，切断电源与液压源，清理设备表面煤尘，记录运行参数（如截割时间、故障次数）。

The workflow consists of four steps: First is startup preparation, operators must check equipment status—confirm no pick wear, normal hydraulic pressure (usually 15-20MPa), clear cooling water passages, and coordinate with scraper conveyor and hydraulic support operators to ensure supporting equipment is on standby. Second is cutting operation, shearer moves along conveyor tracks, drums rotate at high speed (30-50r/min) cutting coal seams, cut coal is thrown to conveyor through spiral blades and transported out. Third is advancement adjustment, after completing a cutting cycle (usually 500-800mm advancement), hydraulic supports must advance to support roof, scraper conveyor is pushed toward coal wall for next cycle. Fourth is shutdown, after completing tasks, move shearer to safe position at face end, cut power and hydraulic source, clean surface dust, record operating parameters.

操作注意事项需聚焦三点：一是安全防护，井下作业必须开启甲烷传感器，当瓦斯浓度超过1%时立即停机，操作员需穿戴防静电工作服与安全帽，严禁在滚筒旋转时靠近煤壁；二是设备保护，避免截割硬岩（如遇到夹矸层需提前调整截割高度），防止截齿崩断损坏滚筒，若出现液压系统泄漏或电机异响，需立即停机检修，不可带故障运行；三是协同配合，采煤机司机需与支架、输送机司机保持实时通讯，确保"采煤-支护-运煤"节奏同步，防止煤块堆积或顶板暴露时间过长引发坍塌。

Operating precautions focus on three points: First is safety protection, underground operations must enable methane sensors, immediately shutdown when gas exceeds 1%, operators must wear anti-static work clothes and hard hats, never approach coal wall while drum rotates. Second is equipment protection, avoid cutting hard rock (adjust cutting height when encountering gangue), prevent pick breakage damaging drum, immediately shutdown for maintenance if hydraulic leakage or motor abnormality occurs. Third is coordination, shearer operators must maintain real-time communication with support and conveyor operators to ensure "mining-supporting-conveying" rhythm synchronization.

规范的工作流程与严格的操作把控，既是保障采煤机高效运行的关键，也是守护井下作业安全的核心，二者缺一不可。

Standardized workflow and strict operational control are both key to ensuring efficient shearer operation and core to protecting underground operation safety—both are indispensable.